Some aspects of amino acid metabolism in the rat fetus |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands;2. Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands;3. Deep Sequencing Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands;4. Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands;1. Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA;2. Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, 161 Fort Washington Ave., New York, NY, 10032, USA;3. Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Malmo University Hospital, Department of Occupational & Environmental Dermatology, Sodra Forstadsgatan 101, Entrance 47, Malmo, SE-20502, Sweden;4. Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, 42 W. Warren Ave., Detroit, MI, 48202, USA;5. Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, School of Natural Resources & Environment, University of Michigan, Dana Building G110, 440 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 58109, USA;6. Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, University of Sao Paulo, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, Av. Prof. dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Sao Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil;7. Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, University of Wuerzburg, Department of Toxicology, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany;8. Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA;9. Member of Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, 1316 Biomedical Research Building (BRB) II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3083, USA;10. Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Medicine, 2407 River Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996- 4500, USA;11. Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5050, USA;12. Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, The Journal of Dermatological Science (JDS), Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan;3. European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Heidelberg, Meyerhofstraβe 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;4. Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, CB2 1PD, Cambridge, UK;5. Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer Centre, CB2 0RE, Cambridge, UK;6. Cellzome GmbH, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstraβe 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany |
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| Abstract: | - 1.1. In spite of an eventual catabolic phase during the last third of pregnancy, nitrogen retention seems to increase in pregnant rats. Furthermore, the high uterine blood flow and the high placental transfer of amino acids maintains an adequate nutrient supply to the fetuses.
- 2.2. The terminal rat fetus has a high circulating plasma amino acid level, as well as an increased free amino acid tissue pool when compared to its mother's.
- 3.3. In the rat fetus the development of enzymatic capabilities shows a sudden emergence (also denomined clustering) in late fetal life. In a general trend, the activities of enzymes related with amino acid metabolism are not well developed during rat fetal life.
- 4.4. The rate of amino nitrogen excertion in rat fetus is low, mainly due to the low development of urea cycle enzyme activities.
- 5.5. The rates of protein synthesis in many tissues are high in the rat fetus and they show a progressive decrease until delivery. On the other hand, the rates of protein breakdown are also higher during fetal life than in the adult.
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