鄱阳湖北段白鹭和苍鹭重金属富集特征比较

水鸟对重金属的富集水平及特征是了解湿地生态系统健康状况、水鸟生境安全的重要渠道。2016年通过非损伤取样方式采集了鄱阳湖北段白鹭Egretta garzetta和苍鹭Ardea cinerea各20个卵壳样品,并收集了2种鹭鸟觅食地的土壤样品9份,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪对卵壳和土样中铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、镍(Ni)、锌(Zn)、砷(As)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)8种重金属的残留量进行了测量,分析了重金属在2种鹭鸟卵壳中的残留量,在此基础上分析了该区域2种鹭鸟对土壤重金属富集特征。研究结果表明,8种重金属中,白鹭和苍鹭卵壳重金属残留量均以Zn最高、Cd最低。苍鹭的Pb残留量极显著高于白鹭(P<0.01)。白鹭和苍鹭卵壳对Hg的生物富集系数最高,As的最低,而苍鹭对Pb的生物富集系数极显著高于白鹭(P<0.01)。

Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation in Egretta garzetta and Ardea cinerea in the North Area of Poyang Lake

The heavy metal bioaccumulation levels and characteristics of waterfowls are important to understanding the physical condition of wetland ecosystem and habitat security of waterfowls. In this research, by using non-invasively sampling method, we collected the eggshells of little egrets(Egretta garzetta) and grey herons(Ardea cinerea) and the soil samples of their foraging habitats in Da Zizui village of Duchang county, which located in the north area of Poyang Lake in 2016. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry was used to analyze the abundances of residual 8 types of heavy metals(Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, As, Pb, Cd, and Hg) in E. garzetta and A. cinerea, and the bioaccumulation profiles of 8 metals in the foraging habitat soils. The results showed that Zn had the highest concentration in the eggshells of the 2 species, while Cd had the lowest. Among these metals, only Pb was extremely significantly enriched in A. cinerea compared with that in E. garzetta(P<0.01). In terms of bioaccumulation profiles, Hg was the highest in the eggshells of E. garzetta and A. cinerea, while As was the lowest. Comparison of heavy metal bioaccumulation between E. garzetta and A. cinerea showed that the bioaccumulation of Pb was significantly higher in A. cinerea(P<0.01).