西双版纳热带雨林蚂蚁区系的起源与演化

从早寒武纪至早侏罗纪，西双版纳古陆一直与其南面的缅甸古陆连为一体，并具有相同的物种起源和演化历史，但西双版纳古陆分别于晚石炭纪和中，晚侏罗纪两次沦为海洋，其物种起源与演化成果前功尽弃，蚂蚁起源于白垩纪中后期或更早，大量分化于第三纪，至白垩纪早期，西双版纳古陆同时与南面的缅甸古陆和北面的中国古陆 为一体，从此再未沦陷，因此西双版纳的物种是此时开始从缅甸古陆和中国古陆同时移入的，至第三纪喜马拉雅造山运

THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF ANT FAUNA OF THE TROPICAL RAIN FORFST IN XISHUANGBANNA, CHINA

From early Cambrian to early Jurassic,Xishuangbanna Oldland and Burma Oldland formed a whole oldland,and had the same history of species origin and evolution.But Xishuangbanna Oldland sank under the sea twice in late Carboniferous and middle and late Jurassic,all achievements in species origin and evolution were spoiled.The ants originated in middle and late Cretaceous or even earlier,and differentiated greatly in Palaeogene.To early Cretaceous,Xishuangbanna Oldland connected with Burma and China Oldlands,and never sank again from then on.So the species of Xishuangbanna Oldland were immigrated from Burma and China Oldlands since that time.To the initial stage of Himalayan Movement in Palaeogene,the northwest to southeast trend Western Yunnan Basin disappeared.Southwestern,southern and central China formed a uniform continent with similar landforms,and this provided a convenient condition for the interflow of species in west east and north south directions.At the same period,the India subcontinent jointed to the Asian continent,species of the two continents began to exchange extensively.To the later stage of Himalayan Movement in early Pleistocene of Quaternary,the continent north of Simao raised up distinctly,and species of Xishuangbanna divided from the fauna of China,but maintained close interflow in the west,south and east directions.To the middle and late Pleistocene of Quaternary,along with the formation of the Hengduanshan Mountains,Xishuangbanna area was correspondingly weakly raised up,and the complicated and varied landforms and climates in this area were gradually formed.The change of environment led to differentiation of species,and Xishuangbanna area became a distinct center for species differentiation.