Fundamental role of axial stress in compensatory adaptations by arteries |
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| Authors: | JD Humphrey JF Eberth WW Dye RL Gleason |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Biomedical Engineering and M.E. DeBakey Institute, 337 Zachry Engineering Center, 3120 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3120, USA;2. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA;1. Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. Center for Biomedical and Healthcare Engineering, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne, France;3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran;2. Institute for Nano-Science and Technology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran;3. Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16-II, 8010 Graz, Austria;1. Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 13, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany;2. Department of Internal Medicine: Division of Cardiology, Philipps University, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany;3. Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany;4. Department of Heart and Cardiovascular Surgery, Philipps University, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany;1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA;2. Department of Cell Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA;3. Departments of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA;4. Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan;5. Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;6. Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA |
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| Abstract: | Arteries exhibit a remarkable ability to adapt to diverse genetic defects and sustained alterations in mechanical loading. For example, changes in blood flow induced wall shear stress tend to control arterial caliber and changes in blood pressure induced circumferential wall stress tend to control wall thickness. We submit, however, that the axial component of wall stress plays a similarly fundamental role in controlling arterial geometry, structure, and function, that is, compensatory adaptations. This observation comes from a review of findings reported in the literature and a comparison of four recent studies from our laboratory that quantified changes in the biaxial mechanical properties of mouse carotid arteries in cases of altered cell-matrix interactions, extracellular matrix composition, blood pressure, or axial extension. There is, therefore, a pressing need to include the fundamental role of axial wall stress in conceptual and theoretical models of arterial growth and remodeling and, consequently, there is a need for increased attention to evolving biaxial mechanical properties in cases of altered genetics and mechanical stimuli. |
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