Passive mechanical properties of the lumbar multifidus muscle support its role as a stabilizer |
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| Authors: | Samuel R. Ward Akihito Tomiya Gilad J. Regev Bryan E. Thacker Robert C. Benzl Choll W. Kim Richard L. Lieber |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California and Veterans Administration Medical Centers, San Diego, USA;2. Department of Radiology, University of California and Veterans Administration Medical Centers, San Diego, USA;3. Department of Bioengineering, University of California and Veterans Administration Medical Centers, San Diego, USA;1. Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 431 Bell Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-2050, USA;2. School of Design and Human Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 1001-6 Engineering Building #1, Unist-gil 50, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2050 Kenny Rd, Suite 3100, Columbus, OH 43221, USA;2. School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences & Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Biomedical Engineering and Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA;1. Department of Sports and Life Sciences, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Japan;2. School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan;1. Division of Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec, Canada;2. Institut de recherche Robert Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail, Montréal, Québec, Canada;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran;2. Division of Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec, Canada;1. Department of Neurosurgery, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, ?stanbul, Turkey;2. Department of Biostatistics, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, ?stanbul, Turkey;3. Department of Neurosurgery, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Education and Research Hospital, ?stanbul, Turkey;4. Department of Radiology, Beykoz State Hospital, ?stanbul, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | The purpose of this study was to compare the passive mechanical properties and titin isoform sizes of the multifidus, longissimus, and iliocostalis muscles. Given our knowledge of each muscle's architecture and the multifidus’ operating range, we hypothesized that multifidus would have higher elastic modulus with corresponding smaller titin isoforms compared to longissimus or iliocostalis muscles. Single-fiber and fiber-bundle material properties were derived from passive stress–strain tests of excised biopsies (n=47). Titin isoform sizes were quantified via sodium dodecyl sulfate-vertical agarose gel electrophoresis (SDS-VAGE) analysis. We found that, at the single-fiber level, all muscles had similar material properties and titin isoform sizes. At the fiber-bundle level, however, we observed significantly increased stiffness (～45%) in multifidus compared to longissimus and iliocostalis muscles. These data demonstrate that each muscle may have a different scaling relationship between single-fiber and fiber-bundle levels, suggesting that the structures responsible for higher order passive mechanical properties may be muscle specific. Our results suggest that divergent passive material properties are observed at size scales larger than the single cell level, highlighting the importance of the extracellular matrix in these muscles. In addition to architectural data previously reported, these data further support the unique stabilizing function of the multifidus muscle. These data will provide key input variables for biomechanical modeling of normal and pathologic lumbar spine function and direct future work in biomechanical testing in these important muscles. |
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