Mechanical properties of the porcine growth plate and its three zones from unconfined compression tests |
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| Authors: | Kim Sergerie Marc-Olivier Lacoursière Martin Lévesque Isabelle Villemure |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique of Montreal, PO Box 6079, Station “Centre-Ville” Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3A7;2. Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center 3175 Côte-Ste-Catherine Road Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T 1C5;1. Sibley School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA;2. Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA;3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA;4. Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA;1. School of Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End, London E1 4NS, UK;2. Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;1. Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;2. New Materials Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China;1. Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China;2. Center for the Built Environment, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA;3. Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK;4. School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China |
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| Abstract: | The aim of the study was to determine intrinsic mechanical properties of the complete growth plate and its reserve, proliferative and hypertrophic zones. Growth plate disk samples from newborn swine's ulnae were tested using stress relaxation tests under unconfined compression. The Transversely Isotropic Biphasic Model (TIBPE) derived by Cohen, B., Lai, W. M., Mow, V. C., 1998. A transversely isotropic biphasic model for unconfined compression of growth plate and chondroepiphysis. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 120, pp. 491–496] was used to extract intrinsic mechanical properties using a four-parameter optimization procedure. Significant differences were found for the transverse permeability k1, the Poisson's ratio in the transverse plane ν21, the out-of-plane Poisson's ratio ν31 and the out-of-plane Young's modulus E3 between the reserve zone and the proliferative zone as well as between the reserve zone and the hypertrophic zone. The same trends were obtained for the Young's modulus in the transverse plane E1, but significant differences were also found between the reserve zone and the complete growth plate. The proliferative and hypertrophic zones are half as stiff as the reserve zone along the compression axis and about three times less stiff than the reserve zone in the transverse plane. These two zones are also three times as permeable as the reserve zone in the radial direction. The mechanical behavior of the newborn porcine distal ulna growth plate is non-uniform along its thickness. The reserve zone, with its greater zonal component at that development stage, has noteworthy effects on the complete growth plate intrinsic mechanical properties. This study provides, for the very first time, an investigation of the intrinsic mechanical properties of the reserve, proliferative and hypertrophic zones of the growth plate. |
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