The effect of sliding velocity on chondrocytes activity in 3D scaffolds |
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| Authors: | Markus A Wimmer Mauro Alini Sibylle Grad |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA;2. AO Research Institute, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Program, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland;1. College of Animal Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetics/China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China;2. Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, P.R. China;1. Faculty of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 6-6 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-0065, Japan;2. Research Institute for Science and Technology, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan;3. Department of Orthopaedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan;4. McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada;5. Institute for Medical Science in Sports, Osaka Health Science University, Japan;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;1. Tribochemistry Consulting, Salt Lake City, UT 84117, USA;2. Kujawy?Pomorze University, Toru?ska 55-57, 85-023 Bydgoszcz, Poland;3. University of Science and Technology, Institute of Mathematics and Physics, Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland;4. Kujawy University, Mechanical Department, Hallera 32, 86-300 Grudziadz, Poland;5. CORSAR Engineering Industry, Glogowa 2, 86-031 Osielsko, Poland;6. Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Technical Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-867 Bydgoszcz, Poland |
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| Abstract: | Sliding motion and shear are important mediators for the synthesis of cartilage matrix and surface molecules. This study investigated the effects of velocity magnitude and motion path on the response of bovine chondrocytes cultured in polyurethane scaffolds and subjected to oscillation against a ceramic ball. In order to vary velocity magnitude, the ball oscillated ±25° at 0.01, 0.1, and 1 Hz to generate 0.28, 2.8, and 28 mm/s, respectively. The median velocity of these ‘open’ motion trajectories was tested against ‘closed’ motion trajectories in that the scaffold oscillated ±20° against the ball at 1 Hz, reaching 2.8 mm/s. Constructs were loaded twice a day for 1 h over 5 days. Gene expression of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), proteoglycan 4 (PRG4, lubricin), and hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS1) and release of COMP, PRG4, and hyaluronan (HA) were analyzed.Velocity magnitude determined both gene expression and release of target molecules. Using regression analysis, there was a positive and significant relationship with all outcome variables. However, only COMP reacted significantly at 0.28 mm/s, while all other measured variables were considerably up-regulated at 28 mm/s. Motion path characteristics affected COMP, but not PRG4 and HAS1/HA.To conclude, velocity magnitude is a critical determinant for cellular responses in tissue engineered cartilage constructs. The motion type also plays a role. However, different molecules are affected in different ways. A molecule specific velocity threshold appears necessary to induce a significant response. This should be considered in further studies investigating the effects of continuous or intermittent motion. |
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