Compressive mechanical properties of the intraluminal thrombus in abdominal aortic aneurysms and fibrin-based thrombus mimics |
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| Authors: | John H. Ashton Jonathan P. Vande Geest Bruce R. Simon Darren G. Haskett |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Biomedical Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ;2. BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ;3. Soft Tissue Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, 1130 N Mountain Avenue, PO Box 210119, Tucson, AZ 85721-0119, USA;4. Department of Agriculture and Bio Systems Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ;1. Institute for Complex Engineered Systems, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States;2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States;1. Center for Biomedical and Healthcare Engineering, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, CIS-EMSE, CNRS:UMR5146, LCG, Saint Etienne, France;2. Hôpital Nord, Cardiovascular Surgery Service, CHU de Saint Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France;3. Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy;1. Graz University of Technology, Institute of Biomechanics, Graz, Austria;2. Medical University of Graz, Clinical Department of Vascular Surgery, Graz, Austria;3. Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Department of Solid Mechanics, Stockholm, Sweden;1. Institute of Solid Mechanics, Mechatronics and Biomechanics, Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic;2. Department of Solid Mechanics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden;1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Ore;2. Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Ore |
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| Abstract: | An intraluminal thrombus (ILT) forms in the majority of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). While the ILT has traditionally been perceived as a byproduct of aneurysmal disease, the mechanical environment within the ILT may contribute to the degeneration of the aortic wall by affecting biological events of cells embedded within the ILT. In this study, the drained secant modulus (E5～modulus at 5% strain) of ILT specimens (luminal, medial, and abluminal) procured from elective open repair was measured and compared using unconfined compression. Five groups of fibrin-based thrombus mimics were also synthesized by mixing various combinations of fibrinogen, thrombin, and calcium. Drained secant moduli were compared to determine the effect of the components’ concentrations on mimic stiffness. The stiffness of mimics was also compared to the native ILT. Preliminary data on the water content of the ILT layers and mimics was measured. It was found that the abluminal layer (E5=19.3 kPa) is stiffer than the medial (2.49 kPa) and luminal (1.54 kPa) layers, both of which are statistically similar. E5 of the mimics (0.63, 0.22, 0.23, 0.87, and 2.54 kPa) is dependent on the concentration of all three components: E5 decreases with a decrease in fibrinogen (60–20 and 20–15 mg/ml) and a decrease in thrombin (3–0.3 units/ml), and E5 increases with a decrease in calcium (0.1–0.01 M). E5 from two of the mimics were not statistically different than the medial and luminal layers of ILT. A thrombus mimic with similar biochemical components, structure, and mechanical properties as native ILT would provide an appropriate test medium for AAA mechanobiology studies. |
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