Specifications for machining the bovine cortical bone in relation to its microstructure |
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| Authors: | Naohiko Sugita Mamoru Mitsuishi |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan;2. TOKO Co., LTD, Japan;1. Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands;2. Orthopedic Research Center Amsterdam, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. Austrian Center for Medical Innovation and Technology, Integrated Microsystems Austria, Viktor Kaplan-Strasse 2, A-2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria;1. Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA;2. Experimental Systems Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA;3. Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany;4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore;2. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Carlos III of Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain;2. Department of Continuum Mechanics and Structural Analysis, University Carlos III of Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain;3. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering (CIIM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, 46022 Valencia, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Until date, many devices have been developed for cutting human bones during orthopedic surgeries. However, bones are anisotropic material, and their machining characteristics depend on the tool feed direction. In this study, microcutting of the bovine cortical bone is performed and its structure observed under a microscope. Furthermore, the formation of cutting chips and measurement of the cutting force during bone machining are dynamically observed while considering the anisotropy of bone tissue. In particular, the fracture of secondary osteons and crack propagation in bones are observed and analyzed. The results indicate that when the cut depth exceeds 20 μm and is greater than the interval of concentric lamellae, cracks are formed together with chips. A new method for bone machining is proposed. This method is based on the characteristics of crack propagation in bones and is expected to produce low mechanical stress and realize highly efficient and precise machining of living tissues such as bones. |
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