地下水微生物功能群及生物地球化学循环

地下水系统是地球关键带的重要组成部分,为微生物提供了特殊的栖息环境和复杂的生存条件,进而演化出复杂的生物地球化学过程。随着多技术、多学科的交叉融合及发展,近几十年地下水微生物功能群及生物地球化学循环研究取得了引人瞩目的重要进展。本文从地下水中的微生物群功能分区、微生物介导的地球化学元素循环、污染与修复中的生物地球化学过程,以及生物地球化学过程数值模拟等方面对国内外相关研究进展进行了综述,并对地下水系统中微生物"暗物质、暗过程"、微生物修复、地下水医学地质学,以及地下水多学科交叉融合等研究方向和前景进行了展望。

Functional microbial communities and the biogeochemical cycles in groundwater

As the important part of earth''s critical zone, groundwater system provides special habitat environment and complex conditions for microorganisms, which further evolves complicated biogeochemical processes. In the last decades, with the developing and inter-crossing of new technologies and multi-discipline, important progresses have been obtained in the fields of microbial functional communities and biogeochemical cycle in groundwater. This review mainly describes the ecological niche of functional microbial communities, introduces the new findings in microbially-mediated geochemical cycling, microbial remediation and numerical simulation of the biogeochemical processes in groundwater system, including the discovery of new species, the coupling of various element cycles, and the latest technology of in-situ remediation of contaminated groundwater. This work also prospects the related future research direction including the microbial "dark matters" and "dark processes", bioremediation, medical geology, and multidisciplinary integration in groundwater system.