基于系统保护规划的海河流域湿地保护优先格局与保护空缺识别

以海河流域为研究对象，依托系统保护规划的理论、方法和技术手段，建立气候-地貌-湿地生态地理综合分类单元，并将此单元作为宏观尺度湿地生物多样性的替代单元，同时以湿地水鸟作为物种尺度的指示物种，综合考虑道路、居民点等社会因素，确定了海河流域湿地保护优先格局及保护空缺。研究结果表明：湿地结构上，现有保护体系中仅滨海湿地受保护比例较高，经系统保护规划优后，湿地保护比例可达28.55%，保护面积达36.55 km²；在空间分布上，仅徒骇马颊河水系目前得到较好的保护，建议对滦河及冀东沿海区域及海河流域南北水系通过设立保护小区和建立湿地公园等方式加强保护。研究结果可为海河流域湿地保护体系调整提供参考，为湿地、非湿地生态系统的整合优化提供有益启示。

Identification of wetland conservation priority areas and gaps based on systematic conservation planning in Haihe River Basin, China

Sustained high-intensity development of society and economy have leading to the degradation and destruction of the wetland in Haihe River Basin. Limited by funds, the wetland protected areas should be selected in cost-effective ways. Previous studies attempted to identify priority areas of wetland protection with only biodiversity features. As a result, the protection targets of many reserves overlap, and gaps still exist of the region. Applied with the methodology of Systematic Conservation Planning and the relevant spatial optimization software, we tried to identify wetland areas in need of protection that were more representatively and effectively, and the conservation gaps based on the existing wetland reserves. Two level of conservation objectives were used in this study, we first established a wetland classification scheme of climatic-geomorphological-wetland, which was employed as a coarse-filter for surrogates of wetland biodiversity, 24 types were derived of the region, we also use water birds as fine-filter as a complementary, the costs for protection were considered with the factors of socio-economical, such as road, rail, etc. Currently, the coastal wetland were protected with the highest percentage of 13.03%, after the optimization, it could reach to 53.14%. Palustrine wetland was the most widely distributed, but only 2.72% were protected, it could be 36.35% with our planning. Compared with the wetland protected areas of the region, only the Tuhaimajia river has been well protected, significant gaps were in other catchments. Lacustrine wetland and palustrine wetland gaps were mainly distributed in upstream of Luan river and Yongding river, riverine wetland gaps were in the border of Tangshan and Qinhuangdao. The source of river were main gap areas, and the outside areas of the reserves also presented a significance of protection, such as the Binzhouhaian Wetland Nature Reserve and Yellow River Delta Wetland National Nature Reserve. In consideration of the prominent influences of Xiongan New Area in the future economic development of the region of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, our suggestions were as follows:small-reserves were suggested to established in key rivers of Luan River and coastal areas of Hebei; wetland parks were recommended in the northern Haihe river in face of the dense population and advanced economies; the reserves in the southern Haihe river and Tuhaimajia river should be enlarged and managed more efficiently, as it was the core areas for wetland protection. Our results could be served as reference for the adjustment of wetland protection system in Haihe River Basin, and be useful enlightenment for the integration and optimization of wetland and non-wetland ecosystem.