地质封存二氧化碳与深地微生物相互作用研究进展

地质封存将工业和能源相关领域生产活动产生的二氧化碳（CO₂）进行捕集并注入到深部地下岩石构造中，以实现长期储存的目标，是降低温室气体排放、实现CO₂长期封存的重要可行性手段之一。向深部地下地质构造中注入大量CO₂会导致深地环境发生显著变化，进而引起原生微生物活性及群落结构发生明显改变。因此，地质封存CO₂能够直接或间接影响深地微生物驱动的生物地球化学过程。同时，微生物在短期和长期的超临界CO₂（scCO₂）胁迫作用下，也会通过不同的适应性进化方式影响CO₂在地下环境中的迁移、转化和赋存形态。本文介绍了国内外二氧化碳捕获与封存发展现状以及地质封存CO₂影响条件下的scCO₂-水-微生物-矿物的相互作用领域的最新科研进展，并展望了利用深地微生物强化CO₂固定以及将其转化为高附加值产物的潜力。

Interactions between geological sequestration of carbon dioxide and deep subsurface microorganisms

Geological sequestration is the process that injects carbon dioxide (CO₂) captured from an industrial or energy-related source into deep subsurface rock formations for long-term storage, which is one of the viable and feasible means to reduce greenhouse gas emission and sequester CO₂ permanently. Injecting massive amounts of CO₂ into the deep geological formations may cause significant changes to subsurface that abundant microbiota use as habitats, and hence influence microbial activity and microbial structure. Thus, geological sequestration of CO₂ will directly or indirectly affect the subsurface biogeochemical processes. When exposed to short-or long-term stresses by super-critical phase CO₂(scCO₂), adaptive evolution of the deep subsurface microorganisms may influence the fate and transport of the sequestered CO₂. This review focuses on the latest progress in the domestic and international studies and the current understandings about the scCO₂-water-microbe-mineral interactions in the subsurface environments impacted by CO₂ geological sequestration. In addition, this paper also includes a discussion about the potential to enhance CO₂ stabilization and transformation to the value-added products by the deep subsurface microorganisms.