基于近海健康评价现有体系的我国普适海洋健康评价“双核”新框架的构建

海洋生态环境保持健康状态是人类可持续开发利用海洋资源环境的基础，而近海海洋生态环境的健康状况综合评价可为海洋生态环境良性发展以及社会经济决策提供科学依据。首先对国际上3种代表性的海洋环境健康综合评价方法的应用特点进行了对比分析，并归纳了我国海洋生态环境健康评价的状况，在此基础上，以指标体系法重构了一个双核结构的综合评价框架，其中内核评价以海洋生态系统的自身状态为主，外核评价则主要反映海洋之于人类经济社会的贡献，以期能够科学、准确、全面的评价我国近海海洋环境健康状况。

A universal and new dual-core framework for ocean health assessment in China based on the existing offshore health assessment systems

The healthy marine ecological environment is an important guarantee for the human to exploit and utilize marine resources sustainably. The comprehensive assessment of the health of the offshore marine ecological environment can provide a scientific basis for the benign development of marine ecological environment and social and economic decision-making. In this paper, we firstly compared three representative methods of the comprehensive assessment of marine environmental health in the world, including the Ocean Health Index (OHI) by Conservation International (CI) and National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), the National Coastal Assessment methods by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and Comprehensive Assessment Method of Ecological Status by European Union. These three methods all belong to comprehensive index system methods, but present significant differences in selection and weight of indicators, as well as in the final rating. Then, we summarized the research progresses in the field of marine ecological environmental health assessment in China. In recent ten years, the research on marine environmental health assessment in China is increasing. Although the assessment frameworks used were various, most of them referred to national standard documents. Based on the research status at home and abroad, we built a dual-core assessment framework using the comprehensive index system method under the principle of scientific nature and operability. In this framework, the inner core assessment was mainly about the status of marine ecosystem, while the outer core assessment mainly reflected the contribution of the ocean to the human economy and society. For the inner core elements, 13 indicators in total were selected, each representing one specific aspect of marine environment health. For the outer core elements, 4 indicators were selected to reflect the utilization status of ocean resources by human society. For the convenience of calculation and comparison, the scores of all indicators were normalized to 0-1. The core essence of our framework is that the development and utilization of marine resources by human society must base on the health of marine ecological environment. Therefore, the final assessment result was kept in two parts, the grade of inner core elements and the score of outer core element, which could provide clear guidance for management decision-making. We hope that this assessment framework will be able to assess the health status of China''s offshore marine environment scientifically, accurately and comprehensively.