Experimental infection of New World lizards with Old World lizard Leishmania species

A total of 197 North and Central American lizards representing 11 genera and 4 families was examined for presence of Leishmania by culture of heart blood. None of the lizards (obtained from supply houses, collectors, and live-trapped by the authors) was found to be infected.Subsequent to the determination that they were negative for leishmaniasis, lizards in the family Teiidae (Cnemidophorus sexlineatus, and Ameiva quadrilineata) and the family Iguanidae (Anolis carolinensis, Dipsosaurus dorsalis, and Basiliscus vittatus) were inoculated with Old World lizard leishmanias. Culture forms of Leishmania adleri, Leishmania agamae, and Leishmania tarentolae were inoculated intracardially into the lizards and sampling for the parasites was by direct observation of blood slides and by examination of cultures of heart blood.Leishmania adleri was recovered from Basiliscus vittatus (Central American) for up to 56 days and from Ameiva quadrilineata (also Central American) for up to 10 days. Dipsosaurus dorsalis (North American) retained this parasite for up to 24 hr. Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (North American) maintained Leishmania agamae for periods of up to 10 days as detected by the described techniques. Leishmania tarentolae did not become established in any of the lizards, and Anolis carolinensis maintained parasites for 12 hr or less.