Effect of constant temperatures on development of the walnut husk fly,Rhagoletis completa |
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Authors: | Abdulmajid Kasana and M T AliNiazee |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, 97331 Corvallis, OR, USA |
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Abstract: | The developmental rates of various life stages ofRhagoletis completa Cresson (Diptera: Tephritidae) were determined in the laboratory at seven different constant temperatures: 8, 12, 16, 20,
24, 28, and 32±1°C, RH 80±10%, photoperiod L 16∶D8. Preoviposition developmental rate was fastest at 28°C (10±1 days, mean±SD)
and slowest at 12°C (26±1 days). About 83% of the females deposited eggs at 20 and 24°C and only 25% oviposited at 32°C. Females
laid the highest number of eggs at 24°C and the lowest at 8°C. Egg development increased with increasing temperatures up to
28°C, then declined. The fastest egg development was noticed at 28°C (55±1 h) and slowest at 8°C (389±2 h). Over 90% egg hatch
was observed at temperatures between 12 and 32°C, but decreased to 73% at 8°C. Larval development was fastest also at 28°C
(20±0.2 days). Over 65% pupation was recorded at 20 and 24°C, but decreased to 15% at 32°C and 12% at 8°C. Pupal development
was most rapid at 24°C (53±1 days) and slowest at 8°C (162±2 days). More than 70% of adult emergence was noticed in treatments
between 16 and 24°C but decreased to 20% at 8°C. Based on a linear regression model of temperature-development rate relationship,
the lower developmental thresholds were determined to be 6.6, 5.3, 2.9, and 5°C for preoviposition, egg, larval, and pupal
stages, respectively. Based on a non-linear developmental rate model, the upper developmental thresholds were 34°C for preoviposition,
egg, and larval stages and 30°C for pupal stage. |
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Keywords: | Rhagoletis completa walnut husk fly Tephritidae Diptera temperature-dependent development developmental biology |
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