The leaf internal morphology and ultrastructure of Zostera muelleri irmisch ex aschers. (Zosteraceae): a comparative study of the intertidal and subtidal forms |
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| Institution: | 1. Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Department of Geology, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands;2. Natural History Museum, Department of Earth Sciences, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK;1. Department of Global Change Research, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB) Institut Mediterrani d''Estudis Avançats, C/ Miguel Marqués 21, 07190 Esporles, Mallorca, Spain;2. Environmental Hydraulics Institute “IH Cantabria”, Universidad de Cantabria, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain;3. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica;4. Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia;5. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;6. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;7. Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Calle de Acceso a la Cala Sant Francesc, 14, 17300 Blanes, Girona, Spain;8. Escuela de Biología y Museo de Zoología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica;1. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;4. Blue Carbon Lab, Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science Engineering & Built Environment, Burwood, Deakin University, Victoria 3125, Australia;1. Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, 15 Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;2. Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia |
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| Abstract: | The leaf anatomy, histochemistry and ultrastructure of the intertidal and subtidal seagrass Zostera muelleri Irmish ex Aschers. from Westernport Bay, Victoria were studied. Unusual anatomical and ultrastructural features are compared with other seagrasses and their functional significance is assessed. Subcuticular cavities are present in the young blade, but not observed in the older blade nor young and old leaf sheath. Wall ingrowths occur in the blade epidermal cells particularly on the inner tangential walls and the lower portions of the radial walls. Plasmodesmata are present between adjacent epidermal cells and between the epidermal and mesophyll cells, suggesting that solutes could transfer between these tissues both symplastically and apoplastically. Each leaf has three longitudinally aligned vascular bundles, each of which comprises a single xylem element isolated from the phloem tissue. The phloem consists of nacreous-walled sieve elements accompanied by phloem parenchyma cells which also process wall ingrowths. The xylem walls are completely hydrolysed and the middle lamella borders directly on the xylem lumen. Leaves have prominent air lacunae bisected transversely by septa at regular intervals along their length. Each septum consists of a file of small parenchyma cells with wall protuberances projecting into intercellular space. There are no major structural differences between the subtidal and intertidal plants, but the former have larger leaves and more leaves per shoot than the latter. In addition, a network of unusual reticulated fungal hyphae is present in the leaf intercellular spaces of the subtidal form and this network may facilitate solute transfer in these plants. |
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