Dynamics of proteins and lipids in the stratum corneum: effects of percutaneous permeation enhancers |
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| Authors: | do Couto Sheila Gonçalves Oliveira Matheus de Souza Alonso Antonio |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;2. Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2009, USA;1. Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (UMR CNRS 8601), Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France;2. Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France;3. Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary;4. IUFM de Paris, Université Paris Sorbonne, 75016 Paris, France;1. Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan;2. Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan;3. Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-8531, Japan;3. Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden;4. Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n. Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain;5. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Gran Via de l''Hospitalet, 199–203, L''Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908 Barcelona, Spain;1. Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic;2. Department of Chemistry, University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, J. Herdu 2, SK-917 01 Trnava, Slovak Republic;3. J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic;4. Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria |
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| Abstract: | We have spin labeled the stratum corneum (SC) with a lysine specific reagent, succinimidyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pirroline-1-oxyl-carboxylate spin label (SSL), to assess the dynamics and hydration degree of SC proteins by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy taking measurements directly from the intact tissue. Treating the SC with two percutaneous penetration enhancers, 8 M urea or 20% (v/v) 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (1 MP), destabilizes the proteins thus promoting more mobile and solvent-exposed protein conformations. Upon SC lipid depletion the nitroxide side chain becomes more solvent exposed, suggesting that the removal of hygroscopic substances in the extraction process favors more hydrated protein conformations. On the other hand, the treatments with 8 M urea or 40% (v/v) 1 MP did not alter significantly the fluidity in the SC lipid domain as assessed by the probe 5-doxyl stearic acid; these permeation enhancers, specially 1 MP, seem to increase the probe solubility in the solvent leading to a considerable fraction of spin label to be removed from the lipid domain. |
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