Probability of paternity exclusion and the number of loci needed to determine the fathers in a troop of macaques |
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Authors: | Kenji Hayasaka Yoshi Kawamoto Takayoshi Shotake Ken Nozawa |
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Institution: | (1) Present address: Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, 484 Aichi, Japan;(2) Present address: Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464 Aichi, Japan |
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Abstract: | We calculated the probability of paternity exclusion (P) in 6 troops of rhesus and Japanese macaques housed in open enclosures and 68 wild troops of Japanese, crab-eating, and toque
macaques using 33 genetic loci which encoded the blood protein variations detected by electrophoretic techniques. In the open
enclosures, especially of rhesus troops, we obtained a fairly high probability of paternity exclusion and succeeded in determining
the fathers of offspring. However, we found significant differences between the observed and calculated probabilities in most
of the troops. These differences were ascribed to a situation whereby the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium had not been attained
in the troops and/or the numbers of variable loci were too small. In the wild troops of Japanese, crab-eating, and toque macaques,
the means ofP were 0.2274 (0.0192–0.5017), 0.4635 (0.1676–0.7151), and 0.7382 (0.6266–0.7954), respectively. We also estimated the number
of loci needed to determine the fathers of offspring with a probability of 0.8 assuming that ten males were present in the
troop. The estimated number was about 13.5 times, 5 times and 1.8 times the number of loci examined on average in the troops
of Japanese, crab-eating and toque macaques, respectively. This means that determination of most of the fathers of offspring
in wild troops of these macaques, even of toque macaques which have a rather high probability of paternity exclusion, is difficult
so long as we employ only electrophoretic techniques. |
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Keywords: | Paternity determination Probability of paternity exclusion Macaques Electrophoresis |
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