Natural killer cell activity in c?liac disease: Effect ofin vitro treatment on effector lymphocytes and/or target lymphoblastoid,myeloid and epithelial cell lines with gliadin

To analyze the possible involvement of natural killer (NK) cell activity in the pathogenetic mechanism of cœliac disease (CD) we measured the spontaneous cytotoxic cell activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMNC) from patients with CD and from healthy donors. No significant differences were found between the NK cell activity of PMNC from healthy donors and from patients with CD using a standard⁵¹Cr release assay. However, a 30-min treatment of PMNC with gliadin inhibited NK cell activity in patients with CD. On the other hand, a 1-d incubation with gliadin induced cytotoxic cell activity of PMNC against the NK-resistant target cells such as the epithelial HT-29 and the lymphoblastoid RAJI cell lines, suggesting that activation of PMNC by cultivation with gliadin can occur.