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Flux regulation of cardiac ryanodine receptor channels
Authors:Yiwei Liu  Maura Porta  Jia Qin  Jorge Ramos  Alma Nani  Thomas R. Shannon  Michael Fill
Affiliation:1.Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612;2.Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515
Abstract:The cardiac type 2 ryanodine receptor (RYR2) is activated by Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR). The inherent positive feedback of CICR is well controlled in cells, but the nature of this control is debated. Here, we explore how the Ca2+ flux (lumen-to-cytosol) carried by an open RYR2 channel influences its own cytosolic Ca2+ regulatory sites as well as those on a neighboring channel. Both flux-dependent activation and inhibition of single channels were detected when there were super-physiological Ca2+ fluxes (>3 pA). Single-channel results indicate a pore inhibition site distance of 1.2 ± 0.16 nm and that the activation site on an open channel is shielded/protected from its own flux. Our results indicate that the Ca2+ flux mediated by an open RYR2 channel in cells (∼0.5 pA) is too small to substantially regulate (activate or inhibit) the channel carrying it, even though it is sufficient to activate a neighboring RYR2 channel.
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