意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica)与中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana ceraca)的生态位比较

为了明确中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂在皖南山区生态适应性,研究两种蜜蜂的食物生态位、时间生态位和空间生态位及其差异,结果是中蜂与意蜂食物(蜜源植物)资源生态位宽度分别是 0.923、0.765,中蜂对蜜源植物采集喜好性差异小,而意蜂差异大,中蜂对意蜂生态位重迭为0.160,中蜂对意蜂生态位相似性为0.755;油菜花期,中蜂与意蜂时间资源生态位宽度分别是0.879、0.801,枇杷花期,分别是0.760、0.677,中蜂与意蜂的空间资源生态位宽度分别是0.797、0.670.中蜂3种生态位宽度均大于意蜂,中蜂三维生态位值是意蜂的1.61倍和1.57倍.表明中蜂在皖南山区生态适应性比意蜂强.

Comparative study on the niches of Apis mellifera ligustica and Apis cerana cerana

To elucidate ecological adaptability of Apis cerana cerana and Apis mellifera ligustica in Wannan mountain areas of Anhui province, food niche, temporal niche and spatial niche of the two types of bees were systematically compared. Our results indicated that food niche breadths of Apis cerana cerana and Apis mellifera ligustica were 0.923 and 0.765, respectively. For Apis cerana cerana, there was very little difference in their preference for different plants, whilst Apis mellifera ligustica showed a much higher variance. The niche overlap index and niche similarity between the two bee species were 0.160 and 0.755, respectively. During the florescence of brassica campestie, temporal niche breadths of Apis cerana cerana and Apis mellifera ligustica were 0.879 and 0.801, respectively, whilst during florescence of Eriobotra japomica, temporal niche breadths of the two species were 0.760 and 0.677, and their spatial niche breadths were 0.797 and 0.670, respectively. Our results also suggested that all niche breadths of Apis cerana cerana were broader than those of Apis mellifera ligustic, and that three-dimensional niche values of Apis cerana cerana were 1.57 and 1.61 times higher than those of Apis mellifera ligustica. Above results clearly indicated that Apis cerana cerana has a better ecological adaptability than Apis mellifera ligustica in Wannan mountain areas.