辣椒彩色斑叶突变体叶片显微结构及超微结构研究

以彩色斑叶辣椒突变体、紫叶辣椒、白色斑叶辣椒突变体功能叶为试验材料，利用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜，通过观察叶片不同斑区的显微结构及超微结构，分析彩色斑叶的显色部位、显色特征、细胞器数量及形态变化，从细胞水平上探讨彩色斑叶辣椒复杂叶色的成因。结果表明：(1)彩色斑叶辣椒突变体子叶为紫色，自第一片真叶展开出现异色斑块，斑块位置、频率、色彩深度无明显规律。(2)叶肉细胞内叶绿体少甚至缺失形成白斑，花色素苷在叶肉细胞和保卫细胞均有分布，其在叶肉细胞不均匀分布是紫色深度不同的主因。(3)辣椒彩色斑叶突变体绿斑区内细胞形态良好，细胞器结构较好；紫色斑区和白色斑区细胞呈中度肿胀，细胞器明显异常。(4)叶肉细胞内叶绿体少甚至缺失、花色素苷不均匀分布是叶片呈现彩色的原因，该叶斑类型属于色素型。

Study on Leaf Microstructure and Ultrastructure of Pepper Color Spot Leaf Mutant

In this study, the functional leaves of color spotted pepper mutant were used as test materials. By observing the microstructure and ultrastructure of different leaf spots, we analyzed the color developing parts, color developing characteristics, number and morphological changes of organelles, and discussed the causes of complex leaf color of color spotted pepper at the cellular level. The results show that: (1) the color of cotyledons mutants were purple, and heterochromatic patches appeared from the first true leaf. There was no obvious regularity in patch location, frequency and color depth. (2) Leukoplakia occured when the chloroplasts in mesophyll cells were reduced or even absent. The uneven distribution of pigment glycosides in mesophyll cells was the main reason for different purple depths, which were distributed both in mesophyll cells and guard cells. (3) The cell morphology and organelle structure in the green spot region of pepper color spot mutant were good; The cells in purple and white spots were moderately swollen, and the organelles were obviously abnormal. (4) The reason for the color of leaves is that there are few or even missing chloroplasts in mesophyll cells and the uneven distribution of anthocyanins. The leaf spot type belongs to pigment type.