不同温度对中国对虾生长及能量收支的影响

研究了18～34℃6个不同恒温下中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)的生长、饵料转化率及能量收支。结果表明，中国对虾的体重及能量特定生长率分别变动在1．22％～3．27％和1．33％～1．45％之间，在18～31℃温度范围内随温度升高而升高，34℃下则显著下降．对虾的摄食量及对饵料的消化率总体上随温度升高而升高，但在34℃下则有所降低；饵料重量转化率和能量转化率分别在28．99％～53．09％和15．70％～7．24％之间，总体上随温度升高而有所下降．根据拟合的多项式方程推算得到的中国对虾的最佳生长温度为29．7℃，生长能和呼吸能的变化主导着中国对虾的能量收支模式，随温度升高生长能占摄食能的比例逐渐降低，而呼吸能比例则逐渐升高。本研究表明，对虾在适宜温度下获得的较高生长率主要归因于较高的摄食量和食物消化率。

Effects of different temperatures on the growth and energy budget of Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis

The effect of temperature on the growth and energy budget of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis was studied at 18, 22, 25, 28, 31 and 34 degrees C. The results showed that its specific growth rate in terms of body weight and energy accumulation increased with temperature between 18 degrees C and 31 degrees C, and then decreased significantly at 34 degrees C. The similar trend was observed in food consumption and apparent digestion rate. The food conversion efficiency in weight and energy were 28.99%-53.09% and 15.70%-7.24%, respectively, which decreased with increasing temperature. The optimum temperature for the growth of shrimp was calculated from the relationship of SGR, which was 29.7 degrees C in this study. The energy budget of shrimp showed that the energy assimilated from food decreased with increasing temperature, while that spent in metabolism increased with increasing temperature. The results indicated that the high growth rate of Chinese shrimp at suitable temperature mainly resulted from the significant increase of food consumption and apparent digestion rate at corresponding temperature regimes.