Preserving genome integrity and function: the DNA damage response and histone modifications |
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Authors: | Jae Jin Kim Seo Yun Lee |
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Institution: | Department of Molecular Biosciences, LIVESTRONG Cancer Institute of the Dell Medical School, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA |
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Abstract: | Modulation of chromatin templates in response to cellular cues, including DNA damage, relies heavily on the post-translation modification of histones. Numerous types of histone modifications including phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, and ubiquitylation occur on specific histone residues in response to DNA damage. These histone marks regulate both the structure and function of chromatin, allowing for the transition between chromatin states that function in undamaged condition to those that occur in the presence of DNA damage. Histone modifications play well-recognized roles in sensing, processing, and repairing damaged DNA to ensure the integrity of genetic information and cellular homeostasis. This review highlights our current understanding of histone modifications as they relate to DNA damage responses (DDRs) and their involvement in genome maintenance, including the potential targeting of histone modification regulators in cancer, a disease that exhibits both epigenetic dysregulation and intrinsic DNA damage. |
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