武夷山国家自然保护区不同植被类型土壤微生物群落特征

运用BIOLOG微平板技术,对武夷山国家自然保护区不同植被类型土壤微生物群落结构和代谢功能多样性进行研究,探讨不同植被类型对土壤微生物群落的影响.结果表明: 不论是土壤理化性质、酶活性,还是反映土壤微生物代谢功能多样性的平均颜色变化率(AWCD),青冈林和米槠林代表的天然林均明显优于马尾松林和杉木林代表的人工林,荒地最差.AWCD随着培养时间的延长而逐渐增加,但不同植被类型土壤AWCD值具有较大差异.碳水化合物和羧酸类碳源是各植被类型土壤微生物的主要碳源,其次为氨基酸类、酚酸类和聚合物类,胺类碳源的利用率最小.土壤微生物Simpson指数、Shannon指数、丰富度指数和McIntosh指数也呈现天然林高于人工林的趋势.主成分分析表明,从31个因素中提取的与碳源利用相关的主成分1、主成分2分别能解释变量方差的56.3%和30.2%,不同植被类型土壤微生物碳源利用特征出现分异,在主成分分离中起主要贡献作用的是胺类和氨基酸类碳源.研究结果可为进一步探讨植被多样性与土壤微生物多样性之间的关系奠定基础.

Characteristics of soil microbial community under different vegetation types in Wuyishan National Nature Reserve, East China

By using Biolog Ecoplate system, this paper studied the structure and functional diversity of soil microbial community under different vegetation types in Wuyishan National Nature Reserve, aimed to probe into the effects of vegetation type on the diversity of soil microbial community. The results showed that the soil chemical properties, soil enzyme activities, and average well color development (AWCD) were higher in natural forest than in planted forest, and were the lowest in abandoned field. The AWCD reflecting soil microbial activity and functional diversity was increased with increasing incubation time, but there existed significant differences among different vegetation types. The carbon sources mostly used by soil microbes were carbohydrates and carboxylic acids, followed by amino acids, phenolic acids and polymers, and amines had the lowest utilization rate. The Simpson index, Shannon index, Richness index and McIntosh index in natural forest were holistically higher than those in planted forest. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified 2- principal component factors in relation to carbon sources, explaining 56.3% and 30.2% of the variation, respectively. The carbon sources used by soil microbial community differed with vegetation types. Amino acids and amides were the two main carbon sources separating the 2 principal component factors. The results of this study could provide basis for further approaching the relationships between vegetation diversity and soil microbial community diversity.