Carrying behaviour in captive and wild marmosets (Callithrix jacchus): A comparison between two colonies and a field site |
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Authors: | Maria Emilia Yamamoto Hilary O Box Fabíola S Albuquerque Maria de Fátima Arruda |
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Institution: | (1) Departmento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, P. O. Box 1511, 59.072 Natal, RN, Brasil;(2) Department of Psychology, University of Reading, Bldg 3, Early Gate Whiteknights, AOM RG6 2AL Reading, U.K.;(3) Department of Psychology, University of Reading, Bldg 3, Early Gate Whiteknights, AOM RG6 2AL Reading, U. K.;(4) Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, P. O. Box 1511, 59.072 Natal, RN, Brasil |
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Abstract: | Data on callitrichids infant carrying is highly variable, and there is some disagreement over the relative involvement of
different group members. Considering that variation may result from different social and environmental conditions it is important
to compare data from different environments. The purpose of this study was to compare infant carrying in 11Callithrix jacchus groups living in two colonies, in the UK and Brazil, or in a field site in the northeastern Brazil. No differences were found
in the amount of time that infants were carried, in the three environmental conditions, during weeks 1 to 4, 7, and 10. Fathers
and mothers carried infants for equivalent amounts of time in the three conditions, but helpers from natural groups carried
infants more than their captive counterparts. In general, adult helpers carried infants more than subadults and juveniles.
The results suggest that carrying is a stable feature inCallithrix jacchus groups, but there is a trend suggestive of an extended carrying period in natural groups. Mothers behaviour were remarkably
stable, but fathers behaviour, although comparable, was more conspicuous in captivity than in the field, what may be attributed
to paternity certainty. Finally, the greater participation of field helpers in carrying is considered as deriving mostly to
age of helpers than to group size. |
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Keywords: | Carrying behaviour Comparison field/captivity Callitrichids Non-reproductive helpers Callithrix jacchus |
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