Demography and reproductive parameters of a free-ranging group of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) at Katsuyama |
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| Authors: | N Itoigawa T Tanaka N Ukai H Fujii T Kurokawa T Koyama A Ando Y Watanabe S Imakawa |
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| Institution: | (1) Present address: Department of Comparative and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, 565 Osaka, Japan;(2) Present address: Faculty of Low and Letters, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, 890 Kagoshima, Japan;(3) Present address: Department of Social Education, Faculty of Education, Bukkyo University, Kita-ku, 603 Kyoto, Japan;(4) Present address: Faculty of Letters, Shokei College, Shimizu, 860 Kumamoto, Japan;(5) Present address: Fushimidai, Inagawa-cho, Kawabe-gun, 666-02 Hyogo, Japan;(6) Present address: Faculty of Liberal Arts, Kawamura Gakuen Woman's University, Sageto, Abiko, 270-11 Chiba, Japan;(7) Present address: Department of Human Relations, Faculty of Letters, Mukogawa Women's University, Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, 663 Hyogo, Japan;(8) Present address: Faculty of Domestic Science, Mimasaka Women's College, Tsuyama, 708 Okayama, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Demographic and reproductive data were analyzed for a period of 28 years in the females of a free-ranging group of Japanese
macaques at Katsuyama, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. The overall mean, age-specific fecundity rates were 5.43% for 4-year-olds
and 41.86% for 5-year-olds, increasing to a peak of 66.67% for 13-year-olds. Fecundity remained relatively high (52.31–54.24%)
in 16–19-year-olds, but decreased sharply (45.45–17.86%) in 20–23-year-olds, and became very low in 24–26-year-olds. Females
aged 27 years or more did not produce infants. The average age at first birth was 5.41 years. Births peaked in mid-May. The
timing of the first births each year remained essentially unchanged during the study period, whereas the timing of the median
and last births shifted towards the later part of the season. The mean interbirth interval for all females was 1.56 years.
The value was 1.54 years for multiparous females and 1.29 years for females following infant loss. These intervals were significantly
shorter than those for primiparous females, and females with surviving infants. The overall mean infant mortality within the
first year of life was 10.2%. The value was 8.6% for 10–14-year-olds, and 7.5% for 15–19-year-olds. The timing of birth differed
among the four female matrilineal dominance rank-classes. The female fecundity rates increased as a function of matrilineal
dominance rank. It is suggested that all demographic and reproductive data should be analyzed in detail with respect to the
group's history. |
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| Keywords: | Demography Reproductive parameters Free-ranging group Japanese macaques |
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