Genetic variation and population structure of the endangered Hyacinth Macaw (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus</Emphasis>): implications for conservation |
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Authors: | Patrícia J Faria Neiva M R Guedes Carlos Yamashita Paulo Martuscelli Cristina Y Miyaki |
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Institution: | 1.Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências,Universidade de S?o Paulo,S?o Paulo,Brasil;2.School of Biosciences,Cardiff University,Cardiff,UK;3.Projeto Arara Azul/UNIDERP,Campo Grande,Brasil;4.IBAMA – Gerência de S?o Paulo,S?o Paulo,Brasil;5.Instituto Insularis,Mairipor?,Brasil |
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Abstract: | The Hyacinth Macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) is one of 14 endangered species in the family Psittacidae occurring in Brazil, with an estimated total population of 6,500
specimens. We used nuclear molecular markers (single locus minisatellites and microsatellites) and 472 bp of the mitochondrial
DNA control region to characterize levels of genetic variability in this species and to assess the degree of gene flow among
three nesting sites in Brazil (Pantanal do Abobral, Pantanal de Miranda and Piauí). The origin of five apprehended specimens
was also investigated. The results suggest that, in comparison to other species of parrots, Hyacinth Macaws possess relatively
lower genetic variation and that individuals from two different localities within the Pantanal (Abobral and Miranda) belong
to a unique interbreeding population and are genetically distinct at nuclear level from birds from the state of Piauí. The
analyses of the five apprehended birds suggest that the Pantanal is not the source of birds for illegal trade, but their precise
origin could not be assigned. The low genetic variability detected in the Hyacinth Macaw does not seem to pose a threat to
the survival of this species. Nevertheless, habitat destruction and nest poaching are the most important factors negatively
affecting their populations in the wild. The observed genetic structure emphasizes the need of protection of Hyacinth Macaws
from different regions in order to maintain the genetic diversity of this species. |
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Keywords: | Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus Hyacinth Macaws Macaws Parrots Psittacidae Genetic variation |
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