欧洲中部刺槐种源群体等位酶变异研究

从欧洲中部及美国收集了18个刺槐种源种子，以2年生苗木为材料，采用水平切片淀粉凝胶电泳和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对11个酶系统进行了检测，共发现20个酶位点，其中14个为多态位点，多态性位点百分数为70％。在参加计算的7个酶系统的12个多态性位点中，平均每个位点的等位基因数(A)和平均每位点等位基因有效数(Ae)为2.733和1．794，平均每个位点的实际杂合度(Ho)和预期杂合度(He)为0．368和0．400，固定指数(F)为0．080，绝大多数位点固定指数为正值。各基因位点遗传参数与12个位点平均值进行相关分析表明，Fe-6和Lap-a的大部分群体遗传参数(A、Ae、Ho、He等)与平均值存在紧密的相关关系，其他位点各项遗传参数和总平均值相关不明显，这些位点的重要性可能比相关性较好的位点更大。德国8个种源群体间遗传距离变化在0．09-0．26之间，来自匈牙利的6个种源之间遗传距离很小，绝大部分均在0．11以下；德国的8个种源与匈牙利和斯洛伐克的8个种源之间的遗传距离变化在0．09-0．24之间；来自美国的2个种源，与欧洲的种源间的遗传距离在0．09-0．23之间，这一距离没有超出欧洲种源之间的差异。匈牙利和斯洛伐克的8个种源群体的各项遗传参数均高于德国种源，表明这两个国家的遗传多样性水平较高。同时来自这两个国家的种源群体间变异系数变化在2．92％-9．97％，说明群体之间的遗传差别很小。德国的8个种源群体各项遗传参数相对较低，但群体间变异系数较高，群体间遗传差别较大。以各个国家为群体单位，4个群体间各项遗传参数的变异均较小，变异系数变化在3．861％-5．139％，表明刺槐种源间地理变异模式不明显。

Allozyme Variability of Provenance Populations of Robinia pseudoacacia from Middle Europe

Using starch gel and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,11 enzyme systems of two-year-old seedlings from 18 provences of Robinia pseudoacacia distributing in the middle Europe and America were investigated.There were 14 polymorphic loci with a proportion of 70.0% in twenty loci.Twelve polymorphic loci in 7 enzyme systems were calculated.In the 12 polymorphic loci,the mean and effective numbers of alleles per locus were 2.733 and 1.794,as well as the mean observed and expected heterozygosisties were 0.368 and 0.400,respectively.Fixation index in most of the loci was slightly higher than zero with a mean value of 0.080.The most population genetic parameters (A,Ae,Ho,He) at the Fe-b and Lap-a loci correlated closely with the mean number of the twelve loci,and such relation was not evident among other loci which may be more important.The genetic distance among the 8 provenances in Germany changed between 0.09 and 0.26,while in contrast,that of the 6 provenances in Hungary were very small and most of them were below 0.11.The genetic distance among the provenances in Germany,Hungary and Slovakia varied from 0.09 to 0.24.Among the 2 provenances in America and provenances in Europe,the genetic distance changed from 0.09 to 0.23,which was not higher than the differences among that of the Europe provenances.Genetic parameters and heredity diversities of the 8 provenances in Hungary and Slovakia were higher than those of the Germany provenances.The differentiation coefficient of the two countries changed from 2.92% to 9.97%,indicting that the genetic difference among the provenances in Hungary and Slovakia was smaller than in Germany provenances.Interpopulational differentiation coefficient in Germany provenances was higher compared with that in Hungary and Slovakia provenances.We took a country as one unit of provenance population,and then the differentiation coefficient of the genetic parameters of the four populations,changing between 3.870% and 5.139%,was rather small.This indicated that it was not evident for the interpopulational geographic differentiations of Robinia pseudoacacia.Therefore,it is suggested that Robinia pseudoacacia has higher genetic diversity and the breeding programs might have been concentrated on intrapopulational variation.