Screening for vascular complications in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Type 1 diabetes mellitus poses a significant health burden, particularly as a result of its microvascular complications. Clinically evident diabetes-related microvascular complications are extremely rare in childhood and adolescence. However, early functional and structural abnormalities may be present a few years after the onset of the disease. Therefore, regular screening for diabetic microvascular disease, particularly retinopathy and nephropathy, are of foremost importance in paediatric diabetes care. Early detection of diabetic microangiopathy and timely treatment of early signs of these complications have a pivotal role in prevention of blindness and end-stage renal failure in children and adolescents with diabetes.