Response to copper stress in aposymbiotically grown lichen mycobiont Cladonia cristatella: uptake,viability, ergosterol and production of non-protein thiols |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Biology and Ecology, Department of Botany, Šafárik University, Mánesova 23, 041 67, Košice, Slovak Republic;2. Centre for Ecological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences at Dziekanów Leśny, Experimental Station, Niecała 18/3, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;3. Department of Non-Ferrous Metals and Waste Treatment, Faculty of Metallurgy, Technical University, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovak Republic;4. Dipartimento di Biologia Evolutiva e Funzionale, Sezione di Biologia Vegetale, Università di Parma, viale delle Scienze 11/A, 43100 Parma, Italy;1. Applied Biology Department, Sharjah University and Sharjah Research Academy, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates;2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Education in Al-Arish, Suez Canal University, Egypt;3. Desert Conservation Reserve, Dubai, United Arab Emirates;4. Departmento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, P. O. Box 59, 29080, Málaga, Spain;1. Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;2. Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;3. Department of Science and Technology (DST)-National Research Foundation (NRF) Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;4. Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;1. Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland;2. Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland;1. Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK;2. South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, Stanley, Falkland Islands;3. School of Biological Sciences (Zoology), University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, UK;1. Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4715-057 Braga, Portugal;2. Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Avenida da República, Quinta-do-Marquês, Estação Agronómica Nacional, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | The mycobiont of lichens usually determines the morphology of the symbiotic organism and is also dominates in terms of biomass. However, its role for sensitivity or tolerance of lichens to heavy metals is almost unknown. In the present study, the influence of copper (Cu) on the aposymbiotically-grown mycobiont of Cladonia cristatella was assessed. Intracellular Cu uptake was correlated with increasing Cu concentrations over a 24-h exposure time. Viability, measured as the degree of reduction of triphenyltetrazolium chloride to triphenyl formazan, as well as to ergosterol levels, decreased with growing Cu concentrations tested. Reduced glutathione (GSH) was found to be the most abundant low-molecular-weight thiol in the hyphae of C. cristatella and its intracellular content increased at concentrations of 10 μm Cu. Higher Cu concentrations caused a significant decrease in GSH, possibly due to heavy metal-induced oxidation of GSH to glutathione disulphide (GSSG). Free cysteine levels were relatively constant. As expected, we did not observe the production of phytochelatins in the mycobiont, contrary to what is found in intact lichens and axenic cultures of their photobionts. |
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