Fungal surface remodelling visualized by atomic force microscopy |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada;2. Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada;1. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT, USA;2. Utah State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, 1100 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT, USA;1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10025, USA;2. Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA;1. Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;2. Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;3. Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK;4. Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK |
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Abstract: | Most fungal growth is localized to the tips of hyphae, however, early stages of spore germination and the growth of certain morphological mutant strains exhibit non-polarized expansion. We used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to document changes in Aspergillus nidulans wall surfaces during non-polarized growth: spore germination, and growth in a strain containing the hypA1 temperature sensitive morphogenesis defect. We compared wall surface structures of both wild-type and mutant A. nidulans following growth at 28 ° and 42 °C, the latter being the restrictive temperature for hypA1. There was no appreciable difference in surface ultrastructure between wild-type and hypA1 spores, or hyphal walls grown at 28 °C. When dry mature A. nidulans conidia were wetted they lost their hydrophobin coat, indicating an intermediate stage between dormancy and swelling. The surface structure of hypA1 germlings grown at 42 °C was less organized than wild-type hyphae grown under the same conditions, and had a larger range of subunit sizes. AFM images of hyphal wall surface changes following a shift in growth temperature from restrictive (42 °C) to permissive (28 °C), showed a gradient of sizes for wall surface features similar to the trend observed for wild-type cells at branch points. Changes associated with the hyphal wall structure for A. nidulans hypA1 offer insight into the events associated with fungal germination, and wall remodelling. |
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