Molecular phylogeny and evolutionary history of Southeast Asian macaques forming the M. silenus group |
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Authors: | Ziegler Thomas Abegg Christophe Meijaard Erik Perwitasari-Farajallah Dyah Walter Lutz Hodges J Keith Roos Christian |
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Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China;2. Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China;3. Kunming Primate Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China;1. European University of Madrid, Spain;3. Research Institute “Dr. Viña Giner”, Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain;4. School of Medicine, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain;5. 2E Science, Robbio, Pavia, Italy |
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Abstract: | The 12 presently recognized taxa forming the Macaca silenus group represent the most diverse lineage within the genus Macaca. The present study was set up to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of the extant members of the M. silenus group and to explain their geographical distribution patterns seen today. A combined approach involving the analysis of one paternal (TSPY) and two maternal (cyt b and 12S-16S rRNA) molecular markers enabled us to resolve the phylogenetic relationships within this lineage. Our Y chromosomal marker is not informative enough to allow detailed conclusion. Based on our mitochondrial data, however, M. pagensis, endemic to the three southern Mentawai islands (Sipora, North- and South Pagai), split off early (2.4-2.6 mya) and represents a sister clade to the macaques from the northern Mentawai island of Siberut and from those of the Southeast Asian mainland, which diverged in a radiation-like splitting event about 1.5-1.7 mya. By combining our new results with available data on behavioural as well as climate and sea level changes in Southeast Asia during the Plio- and Pleistocene, we have developed two scenarios for the evolutionary history of this primate group, which may help explain the current geographical distribution of its members. |
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Keywords: | M silenus group Macaques Phylogeny Evolution Biogeography Cytochrome b 12SrRNA 16SrRNA TSPY |
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