Effects of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi on the leafhopper Psammotettix alienus under laboratory conditions

The Japanese giant looper, Ascotis selenaria cretacea, is a serious defoliator of tea gardens in Japan. The females produce racemic (Z,Z)-6,9-cis-3,4-epoxynonadecadiene (epo3,Z6,Z9-19:H, main component) and (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene (Z3,Z6,Z9-19:H, minor component). The orientation of the males to the synthetic pheromone placed in a trap was strongly disrupted by Z3,Z6,Z9-19:H or a mixture of its monoepoxy derivatives (epoxydiene mixture, EDM) impregnated in septa and placed around the trap. Based on this result, polyethylene tubes containing Z3,Z6,Z9-19:H or EDM were prepared and effect of these dispensers was examined in a field. Disruption of male orientation to synthetic pheromone traps was achieved in orchards permeated with Z3,Z6,Z9-19:H at dispenser density of 3000 and 5000 tubes ha^–1 (release rate: 0.55–0.61 mg day^–1 tube^–1) and with EDM at every tested dose, 250–5000 tubes ha^–1 (release rate: 0.25–0.39 mg day^–1 tube^–1). Furthermore, disruption of mating in tethered females was observed in these orchards; particularly, the mating was perfectly inhibited in the areas treated with EDM at 3000 and 5000 tubes ha^–1. This is the first formulation for the mating disruption of a geometrid pest.