Production of granular activated carbons from select agricultural by-products and evaluation of their physical,chemical and adsorption properties |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Food Science, LAES, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Food Science Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-4200, USA;2. USDA-ARS-Southern Regional Research Center, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA;1. School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia;2. Department of Chemical Engineering -University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq |
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Abstract: | Representative samples of soft, low density, group 1 (rice straw, rice hulls, sugarcane bagasse) and hard, high density, group 2 agricultural by-products (pecan shells) were converted into granular activated carbons (GACs). GACs were produced from group 1 and 2 materials by physical activation or from group 2 materials by chemical activation. Carbons were evaluated for their physical (hardness, bulk density), chemical (ash, conductivity, pH), surface (total surface area), and adsorption properties (molasses color removal, sugar decolorization) and compared with two commercial reference carbons. The results show that the type of by-product, binder, and activation method determine the properties of GACs. Regardless of the binder, sugarcane bagasse showed a better potential than rice straw or rice hulls as precursor of GACs with the desirable properties of a sugar decolorizing carbon. Pecan shells produced GACs that were closest to the reference carbons in terms of all the properties investigated. |
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