我国北方玉米品种个体产量潜力与氮利用效率研究

采用大田试验,在低密度条件下, 研究了我国北方1990年以来大面积种植的50个玉米主栽品种个体产量潜力和N利用效率.探测分析和正态分布检测结果表明,单株籽粒产量（GY）、千粒重（KW）、单株生物产量（AB）、籽粒收获指数（HI_G）、N利用效率（NUE）和N收获指数（HI_N）6个指标分别符合正态分布N（265.1,44.50²）、N（322.3,36.91²）、N（515.8,64.73²）、N（0.514,0.06²）、N（43.0,5.37²）和N（0.643,0.06²）,其变化范围为GY 198.35～345.22 g/株、KW 241.50～391.82 g/1 000粒、AB 402.34～712.84 g/株、HI_G 0.39～0.63、NUE 31.18～57.35 kg grain·kg^-1N和HI_N0.47～0.74.相关分析表明,产量与NUE高度正相关（偏相关系数0.471**,P=0.01）,而籽粒千粒重与NUE呈显著性负相关（Pearson相关系数-0.427**,P=0.02）.对GY和NUE进行分层聚类,将北方玉米品种划分为高产高NUE型、低产低NUE型和中间型,目前高产高NUE型玉米品种相对较少,仅占24%.

Individual grain yield potential and nitrogen utilization efficiency of Zea mays cultivars widely planted in North China

With field experiment and under low-density condition,this paper studied the individual grain yield (GY) and nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) of fifty Zea mays cultivars widely planted in North China since 1990s.Exploring analyses and normality tests showed that the 1000 kernal weight (KW),above-ground biomass per plant (AB),grain harvest index (HI_G), NUE,and nitrogen harvest index (HI_N) were all conformed to normal distribution,with N(265.1,44.50²),N(322.3,36.91²),N(515.8,64.73²),N(0.514,0.06²),N(43.0,5.37²),and N(0.643,0.06²),respectively.The GY ranged from 198.35 to 345.22 g·plant^-1,KW from 241.50 to 391.82 g·1000 kernal^-1,AB from 402.34 to 712.84 g·plant^-1,HI_G from 0.39 to 0.63,NUE from 31.18 to 57.35 g grain·g N^-1,and HI_N from 0.47 to 0.74.Correlation analyses indicated that GY positively and significantly correlated with NUE (partial correlation coefficient was 0.471**,P=0.001),while KW negatively and significantly correlated with NUE (Pearson correlation coefficient was -0.427**,P=0.002).Through hierarchical cluster analyses for GY and NUE,the test Zea maysvarieties could be sorted into 3 types,i.e.,high-GY with high-NEU,low-GY with low-NEU,and mediate type.Currently,only 24 percent of Zea mays cultivars in North China were of high-GY with high-NEU type,and thus,its breeding should be strengthened in the future.