Possible mechanisms underlying copepod grazing responses to levels of toxicity in red tide dinoflagellates |
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| Institution: | 1. Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak 94300, Malaysia;2. Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Kelantan 16310, Malaysia;3. Asian Research Center for Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;4. Section Ecological Chemistry, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany;1. Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Museu Nacional / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/no, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Biomineralização, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;3. Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pasteur 458, sala 512, Urca, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;4. Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Toxicologia de Cianobactérias, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21949-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | A previous study indicated that rates of ingestion exhibited by adult female copepods of Acartia hudsonica (Pinhey) and Pseudocalanus spp. were lowered by increasing levels of toxicity in clonal cultures of the bloom-causing dinoflagellate Protogonyaulax tamarensis (Taylor). In the present study, three types of laboratory grazing experiments were performed to determine which of two contending hypotheses —behavioural rejection or physiological incapacitation - could explain the observed relationship best. The experimental results consistently supported the postulated mechanism of physiological incapacitation, and not the mechanism of behavioural rejection, as the reason for the lowered rates of ingestion on the more toxic dinoflagellate clones. |
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