Strategies of freeze avoidance in larvae of the goldenrod gall moth,Epiblema scudderiana: Laboratory investigations of temperature cues in the regulation of cold hardiness |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6;2. Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6;1. University of Toronto, Faculty of Forestry, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B3, Canada;2. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., Québec G1V 4C7, Canada;1. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Department of Food Engineering, TR-80000, Osmaniye, Turkey;2. Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Food Engineering, Gulbahce Campus, TR-35430, Urla, Izmir, Turkey;1. School of Architecture and Design, Università di Camerino, Ascoli Piceno, Italy;2. Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy;1. Division of Medical Zoology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Japan;2. Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, USA;3. Departamento de Parasitologia y Medicina Tropical, Centro de Biomedicina, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Catolica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Ecuador;4. Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Laboratory manipulations of ambient temperature were used to investigate the role of temperature in triggering or modulating cold-hardiness adaptations, supercooling-point depression and cryoprotectant accumulation, in larvae of the goldenrod gall moth, Epiblema scudderiana (Clemens), a freeze-intolerant species. Low temperature strongly facilitated cryoprotectant synthesis; larvae subjected to a 1°C per day decrease in temperature showed a major increase in the rate of glycerol synthesis when temperature fell below 5°C with highest rates of synthesis, greater than 90 μmol g−1 d−1, at temperatures between 0 and −10°C. Conversely, abrupt rewarming of larvae from −18 to 23°C in mid-November stimulated a rapid loss of glycerol (from a starting level of 1763 ± 278 μmol/g wet weight) with a half time of only 1.5 days. Supercooling-point depression was not keyed to ambient temperature but appeared to be an endogenous event occurring over the same time interval in laboratory animals held at warm or cold temperatures, as well as in outdoor animals. Rewarming of cold-adapted larvae in November resulted in only a small rise in supercooling point (and did not break diapause) but rewarming in February resulted in a 19°C increase in supercooling point in 4 days, followed rapidly by pupation. |
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