Strategies of freeze avoidance in larvae of the goldenrod gall moth,Epiblema scudderiana: Winter profiles of a natural population |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6;2. Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6;1. Mund-Lagowski Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625, USA;2. Department of Biology, Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625, USA;3. Preformulation Sciences MRL, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA;1. William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1180, United States;2. Bloom Energy Corporation, 1252 Orleans Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, United States;3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2041 College Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1178, United States;1. Environment and Sustainability Institute, Penryn Campus, University of Exeter, Cornwall TR10 9FE, United Kingdom;2. Heat Transfer and Thermal Power Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India;1. Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada;2. Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Larvae of the goldenrod gall moth, Epiblema scudderiana (Clemens) utilize a freeze-avoidance strategy for winter survival. Cold-hardiness adaptations of an outdoor population of the species were profiled over the 1984–1985 winter. Over the autumn months supercooling points of the larvae dropped from −13.9±2.3°C to −37.8±2.8°C (the lowest winter temperature recorded was −26°C), water content of the larvae decreased from 57.2±1.2 to 24.8±1.6% of fresh weight, and glycerol content of the larvae rose to an average of 2030 μmol/g wet weight or 18.7% of fresh weight. All parameters stabilized over the mid-winter months. Glycerol production was largely accounted for by the loss of stored glycogen while lipid and protein reserves remained nearly constant over the winter months. Supercooling-point depression and glycerol systhesis both appeared to be initiated after the first overnight exposures to subzero temperatures. Highest rates of glycerol production, about 60 μmol g−1 d−1, were achieved with mean daily temperatures of about 0°C and subzero nights. Glycerol content was rapidly cleared in the spring but only 20% of the resulting carbon was restored as glycogen. |
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