Bacterial protein toxins and lipids: role in toxin targeting and activity |
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Authors: | Geny Blandine Popoff Michel R |
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Affiliation: | Unité des Bactéries Anaérobies et Toxines, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France. |
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Abstract: | All bacterial toxins, which globally are hydrophilic proteins, interact first with their target cells by recognizing a surface receptor, which is either a lipid or a lipid derivative, or another compound but in a lipid environment. Intracellular active toxins follow various trafficking pathways, the sorting of which is greatly dependent on the nature of the receptor, notably lipidic receptor or receptor embedded into a distinct environment such as lipid microdomains. Numerous other toxins act locally on cell membrane. Indeed, phospholipase activity is a common mechanism shared by several membrane-damaging toxins. In addition, many toxins active intracellularly or on cell membrane modulate host cell phospholipid pathways. Unusually, a few bacterial toxins require a lipid post-translational modification to be active. Thereby, lipids are obligate partners of bacterial toxins. |
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Keywords: | bacterial protein toxin intracellular trafficking lipid phospholipase pore toxin—receptor interaction |
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