Stress,arousal and opioid peptide-like immunoreactivity in restricted- and ad lib.-fed broiler breeder fowls |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry, SRR& CVR Govt. Degree College, Vijayawada 520008, A.P., India;2. Department of Chemistry, KRK Govt. Degree College, Addanki 523201, A.P., India & Department of Chemistry, TRR Govt. Degree College, Kandukur 523105, A.P., India;3. Department of Physics, KRK Govt. Degree College, Addanki 523201, A.P., India;4. Department of Chemistry, Andhra Loyola College, Vijayawada 520008, A.P., India;5. Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjunanagar 522510, A.P., India;1. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, 166, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea;2. Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA;3. Animal Genomics and Breeding Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, South Korea;4. College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, PR China;5. Pancosma S.A., Geneva, Switzerland;1. College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Beifang University of Nationalities, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China;2. College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian, Shaanxi 710062, China;1. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy;2. GEUS-Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark;2. Department of Basic Sciences of the College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762;3. Zoetis Animal Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27703 |
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| Abstract: | - 1.1. From 2 weeks of age, female broiler breeders were fed on one of three treatments: a commercial restricted ration (R), twice that amount (2R), or ad lib. (AL). With R and 2R, birds were fed daily at 9 a.m. and ate all their food in <15 min.
- 2.2. Blood samples were taken every fourth week from 5 to 21 weeks. Two putative indices of stress, basophil frequency and the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, were highest with R and lowest with AL, consistently so with the former index and in all but the last week with the latter. Another stress index, plasma corticosterone concentration, was not affected by feeding treatment.
- 3.3. Tonic immobility duration, an index of fear, was lower with R and 2R than AL at 7 and 12 weeks, but not 21 weeks. Headflick frequency, an index of arousal, was lower with R than 2R and AL, during 3 min silence and 3 min noise, at 11, 15 and 21 weeks.
- 4.4. At 21 weeks, intramuscular injection of nalmefene, an antagonist of central opioid receptors, caused increases in headflick frequency, but there was no significant interaction with feeding treatment in this response.
- 5.5. Feeding treatment had no significant effect on levels of β-endorphin- or leu-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in brains of birds killed at 21 weeks, but dynorphin concentration was higher with 2R. Opioid receptor density, which could have been affected, was not measured.
- 6.6. It is concluded that the commercial feeding programme caused physiological evidence of stress, and apparent reductions in fearfulness and arousal. Results of the tests at 21 weeks did not rule out the possibility that the reduced arousal was associated with altered opioid status.
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