城市森林景观美景度的测定

运用心理物理学派美景度测定与统计方法之一———美景度评估法(scenic beauty estimation),对城市森林典型代表类型———城市公园的植物景观进行了公众审美偏好程度的调查,同时对不同评判人群评价结果的分布、相关性进行了系统的分析、比较。用作评判媒介的39张照片拍摄于沈阳市3个拥有丰富植物种类和配置方式的主要城市公园。136人完成了有效的当面结构化问卷调查,其中学生组72人,公众组64人。调查结果表明,(1)城市森林景观的美景度可以通过基于照片媒介的心理物理学研究方法而获得;(2)学生组和公众组的最终评判结果均呈正态分布,两组人群对于城市森林景观美学评价具有普遍的一致性;(3)从学生组和公众组评价最好的样本A28、A29和评价最差的样本A34、A16来看,其间存在着明显的差异,如植物本身的形态特征,遮荫效果,空间感等。本研究可为城市森林规划设计、管理以及进一步研究提供依据。

Measurement of scenic beauty of urban forest landscape

Employing the scaling procedure for representing visual preference or scenic beauty(Scenic Beauty Estimation,SBE),and based on the techniques of psychophysical paradigm to identify the degree of visual preference by selected groups of public,this paper investigated the visual qualities of selected vegetation groups in urban parks,the typical urban forest in Shenyang.A total of 32 vegetation groups in three urban parks were selected,including more than 120 tree and shrub species and presenting diverse plant mode in Shenyang.Sets of 39 color photographs of these vegetation groups were presented to 136 individuals at formal interviews.Among them,there were 72 college students and 64 persons selected randomly.Statistical analysis of the judgments led to three main conclusions:(1) scenic beauty of vegetation groups in urban forest could be evaluated by psychophysical method,using photographs as the media that represented the landscapes;(2) the scales represented scenic beauty or visual preference for vegetation groups based on different judgers were distributed normally,and had an acceptable level of coincidence;and(3) significant differences could be found between the best samples and the worst samples selected by different evaluating groups,which might be derived from the individual plants' physical properties,shadings,and spatial sense of the plants.This study provided an empirically tested basis for plant planning,management,and further research in future.