Laboratory-induced development of the ice-ice disease of the farmed red algae Kappaphycus alvarezii and Eucheuma denticulatum (Solieriaceae,Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) |
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Authors: | Danilo B. Largo Kimio Fukami Toshitaka Nishijima Masao Ohno |
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Affiliation: | (1) Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Science, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Monobe, Nankoku City, Kochi, 783, Japan;(2) Usa Marine Biological Institute, Kochi University, Usa-cho, Tosa City, Kochi, 781-11, Japan |
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Abstract: | The most common perception of unfavorable environmental factors causing the ice-ice disease in the farmed seaweeds, Kappaphycus and Eucheuma, was demonstrated in this study for the first time using stressful conditions of abiotic factors in a continuous culture system. Light intensity of less than 50 mol photon m–2 s–1 and salinity of 20% or less induced ice-ice whitening characterized by short segments at midbranches which were similar to those observed in the Philippine seaweed farms, while temperatures of up to 33–35 °C resulted in wide-scale whitening leading to complete damage of the branches. These effects were preceded by slow growth rates from an optimum of 3.7% d–1 to almost –2.0% d–1. Mechanical stress by wound injury did not result to ice-ice whitening similar to the above. Environmental factors observed to trigger ice-ice in the laboratory, although may not necessarily parallel those in the field, may act synergestically to produce similar effects. |
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Keywords: | ice-ice disease environmental factors Kappaphycus/Eucheuma seaweed farming Philippines |
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