Evaluation of fungicides for control of South American leaf blight of Hevea brasiliensis

Of 43 fungicides tested in vitro, 19 showed strong, seven moderate and 17 weak inhibition of germination of conidia and ascospores of Microcyclus ulei. The formation of lesions on Hevea brasiliensis leaf discs was also suppressed by the first category of fungicides as well as by the five adjuvants tested. Ascospores were not released when perithecia were treated with urea, thiabendazole or alcoholic mercury chloride at 10.00, 0.10, 1.00 g/1 respectively; other fungicides had no such inhibitory effect. In field trials, thiophanate methyl (0.07% a.i.) and benomyl (0.025% a.i.) were most effective in controlling leaf infection, followed by chlorothalonil (0.15% a.i.) and mancozeb (0.32% a.i.). Benomyl suppressed conidial sporulation, whereas one application of thiophanate methyl (0.14% a.i.) to perithecia inhibited ascospore release; half of this concentration applied to conidial lesions or pycnidia caused the perithecia formed subsequently to abort. Thiophanate methyl thus shows promise for SALB control and elimination and benomyl may be valuable as a supplement in later rounds of spraying to control conidial sporulation. After 6 days of showery rain (2 mm for 17 min per day), water collected from sprayed leaves still gave complete inhibition of spore germination. However, inhibition was markedly reduced after 6 days of heavy rain (over 8 mm for 24 min per day).