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Cuticle morphogenesis in crustacean embryonic and postembryonic stages
Affiliation:1. Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;2. Department for Biomimetics, City University of Applied Sciences Bremen, Neustadtswall 30, 28199 Bremen, Germany;1. Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 157 01, Greece;2. Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;1. Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424, Potsdam, Germany;2. Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, D-06120, Halle/Saale, Germany;3. Department of Neurobiology, Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;1. Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA;2. Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA;1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, 141 Chalmers Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;2. Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea;3. Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Animal Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;4. Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;5. Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 123 W. Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;1. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;2. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;3. Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;4. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, 21941-599 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Abstract:The crustacean cuticle is a chitin-based extracellular matrix, produced in general by epidermal cells and ectodermally derived epithelial cells of the digestive tract. Cuticle morphogenesis is an integrative part of embryonic and postembryonic development and it was studied in several groups of crustaceans, but mainly with a focus on one selected aspect of morphogenesis. Early studies were focused mainly on in vivo or histological observations of embryonic or larval molt cycles and more recently, some ultrastructural studies of the cuticle differentiation during development were performed. The aim of this paper is to review data on exoskeletal and gut cuticle formation during embryonic and postembryonic development in crustaceans, obtained in different developmental stages of different species and to bring together and discuss different aspects of cuticle morphogenesis, namely data on the morphology, ultrastructure, composition, connections to muscles and molt cycles in relation to cuticle differentiation. Based on the comparative evaluation of microscopic analyses of cuticle in crustacean embryonic and postembryonic stages, common principles of cuticle morphogenesis during development are discussed. Additional studies are suggested to further clarify this topic and to connect the new knowledge to related fields.
Keywords:Chitinous matrix  Development  Exoskeleton  Calcification  Gut  Tendon cells
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