Segmentation in Tardigrada and diversification of segmental patterns in Panarthropoda |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;2. Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB – UMR 7205 – MNHN CNRS UPMC EPHE, Muséum national d''Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France;3. Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, I-35131 Padova, Italy;1. Zoological Museum Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany;2. Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland;1. Biology Department, Trinity College, Hartford, CT 06106, USA;2. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;1. Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany;2. American Museum of Natural History, Division of Paleontology, Central Park West at 79th St, New York, NY 10024, USA;1. Institute of Zoology and Zoological Museum, University of Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany;2. Zoology, Biological Institute, University of Stuttgart, Germany;3. Department for Applied Bioinformatics, University of Frankfurt, Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Germany;1. Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;2. Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Sopot, Poland;3. Marine Biology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark |
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| Abstract: | The origin and diversification of segmented metazoan body plans has fascinated biologists for over a century. The superphylum Panarthropoda includes three phyla of segmented animals—Euarthropoda, Onychophora, and Tardigrada. This superphylum includes representatives with relatively simple and representatives with relatively complex segmented body plans. At one extreme of this continuum, euarthropods exhibit an incredible diversity of serially homologous segments. Furthermore, distinct tagmosis patterns are exhibited by different classes of euarthropods. At the other extreme, all tardigrades share a simple segmented body plan that consists of a head and four leg-bearing segments. The modular body plans of panarthropods make them a tractable model for understanding diversification of animal body plans more generally. Here we review results of recent morphological and developmental studies of tardigrade segmentation. These results complement investigations of segmentation processes in other panarthropods and paleontological studies to illuminate the earliest steps in the evolution of panarthropod body plans. |
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| Keywords: | Evo-devo Homology Hox genes |
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