The impact of sulfur on the reproductive success of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anagrus</Emphasis> spp. parasitoids in the field |
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Authors: | Sarina J Jepsen Jay A Rosenheim Chris E Matthews |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, USA |
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Abstract: | Pesticides targeted at pest species have often been demonstrated to have strong adverse effects on the survival of biological
control agents in short-term laboratory bioassays; however, studies examining the influence of pesticides on the actual reproductive
success of biological control agents in the field are rare. Because natural enemy reproduction is often directly tied to biological
control success, effects of pesticides on reproduction are of central importance. Here we use a new technique to examine the
influence of sulfur, a fungicide widely used in grape production, on the reproductive success of Anagrus erythroneurae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) and Anagrus daanei (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), egg parasitoids of the grape leafhopper, Erythroneura elegantula (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Sulfur has previously been shown to be highly toxic to Anagrus spp. in short-term laboratory and field bioassays, creating the expectation that sulfur should also reduce Anagrus reproductive success in the field. Surprisingly, in two studies, the first comparing the oviposition success of Anagrus collected live in paired sulfur-treated versus untreated vineyards and the second comparing the lifetime reproductive success
of Anagrus collected at the end of their lives in unpaired sulfur-treated versus untreated vineyards, we found no effect of sulfur on
parasitoid reproductive success. In this system, traditional short-term assays of laboratory toxicity do not appear to predict
effects on parasitoid reproductive success, suggesting that demographic approaches to assessing the disruptive effects of
pesticides may have an important role in designing IPM programs. |
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Keywords: | Anagrus daanei Anagrus erythroneurae Erythroneura elegantula Homoptera Cicadellidae Hymenoptera: Mymaridae Pest resurgence Side effect Sulfur |
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