Organizer regions in marine colonial hydrozoans |
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Affiliation: | 1. Laboratory of Marine Life Science and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan;2. National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Farming Biology Division, Fisheries Research Agency, Mie 516-0193, Japan;1. Département des sciences animales, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;2. Department of Molecular Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada |
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Abstract: | Organizers are specific tissue regions of developing organisms that provide accuracy and robustness to the body plan formation. Hydrozoan cnidarians (both solitary and colonial) require organizer regions for maintaining the regular body patterning during continuous tissue dynamics during asexual reproduction and growth. While the hypostomal organizer of the solitary Hydra has been studied relatively well, our knowledge of organizers in colonial hydrozoans remains fragmentary and incomplete. As colonial hydrozoans demonstrate an amazing diversity of morphological and life history traits, it is of special interest to investigate the organizers specific for particular ontogenetic stages and particular types of colonies. In the present study we aimed to assess the inductive capacities of several candidate organizer regions in hydroids with different colony organization. We carried out grafting experiments on colonial hydrozoans belonging to Leptothecata and Anthoathecata. We confirmed that the hypostome tip is an organizer in the colonial Anthoathecata as it is in the solitary polyp Hydra. We also found that the posterior tip of the larva is an organizer in hydroids regardless of the peculiarities of their metamorphosis mode and colony structure. We show for the first time that the shoot growing tip, which can be considered a key evolutionary novelty of Leptothecata, is an organizer region. Taken together, our data demonstrate that organizers function throughout the larval and polypoid stages in colonial hydroids. |
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Keywords: | Cnidaria Colonial hydrozoans Organizer regions Inductive capacity Transplantation experiments |
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