不同植物(组合)对入侵杂草黄顶菊功能性状的影响

【目的】外来植物的入侵能力与其性状之间的关系是入侵生态学中的基本问题之一。外来植物成功入侵具备哪些植物功能性状,一直是研究的热点问题,研究和把握这些性状对外来植物的入侵机理研究具有重要的现实意义。【方法】利用同质园实验,以入侵植物黄顶菊为研究对象,设置不同的植物(或组合)与黄顶菊竞争处理,研究不同植物(组合)对黄顶菊植物功能性状的影响,从而探究不同植物对黄顶菊的抵御能力。【结果】地肤、苘麻、苏丹草和苏丹草与地肤、黄花草木樨组合对黄顶菊有一定抑制作用,混种处理中黄顶菊的生物量、分枝数、株高显著低于黄顶菊单种处理,且对叶片功能性状、根功能性状、植株的全C和全N量等都有一定程度的影响。而反枝苋、反枝苋和紫花苜蓿组合对黄顶菊的生长有一定的促进作用,混种处理中黄顶菊的生物量与全C、全N含量较单种黄顶菊显著增加。【结论】不同植物与黄顶菊竞争生长对黄顶菊的影响不同,地肤和苘麻可以显著地抑制黄顶菊的主要功能性状生长发育,而反枝苋和紫花苜蓿促进黄顶菊生长发育。

Effect of native plants (combination) on the functional traits of the invasive plant, Flaveria bidentis

Aim] The study of the relationship between the invasive ability of exotic plants and their functional traits remains important in invasive ecology.Method] In this study, an invasive species, Flaveria bidentis, was grown with selected plants, individually or in mixture, in a common garden experiment. The functional traits of F. bidentis were measured as well as the level of competition with these different plant species.Result] Kochia scoparia, Abutilon theophrasti, Sorghum sudanense and the mixture of S. sudanense, K. scoparia and Melilotus officinalis had an inhibitory effect on the growth of F. bidentis. Biomass, number of stems and plant height of F. bidentis significantly increased when grown with A. retroflexus along or in a mixture with M. sativa and A. retroflexus. Root to shoot ratio and root length, plant height, C content, and number of branches had significant lower values when exposed to the other plant species. N content of F. bidentis significantly varied depending on the treatments. Root tissue density and specific leaf area significantly increased when grown together with the other species.Conclusion] Different plants have different effects on the F. bidentis in competition. K. scoparia and Abutilon theophrasti can significantly inhibit the growth and modify the main functional traits of F. bidentis. However, M. sativa and A. retroflexus promote the growth and development of F. bidentis.