广西中越边境的外来入侵植物

【目的】广西中越边境是中国通往东盟各国的重要通道。近年来,外来入侵植物对该地区的生态安全和经济发展都产生了严重的威胁。为有效预防和控制中越边境的外来入侵植物,保障中越边境地区生态安全和经济健康发展,需要掌握中越边境外来入侵植物的基本信息。【方法】通过实地调查、拍照和采集标本,分析广西中越边境外来入侵植物的种类组成、生活型和危害程度等;通过文献资料,了解所调查外来入侵植物的原产地和入侵途径等。【结果】广西中越边境外来入侵植物共121种,隶属于38科,其中菊科最多,有26种,豆科次之,有11种;外来入侵植物以草本为主,有102种,占总种数的84.30%;原产地来源最多的是美洲,有92种,占总种数的68.66%;人为有意引入有68种,占总种数的56.20%;严重危害的有23种,中等危害的有32种,一般危害的有66种。【结论】广西中越边境外来入侵植物种类多且分布范围广、传播途径复杂、危害严重种类多,急需对广西中越边境的外来入侵植物进行预防和控制,特别是要严密监控新发生入侵种类的动态,积极控制已产生危害的严重种类,实行预防为主、防治结合的原则。

Alien invasive plants in the Sino-Vietnamese border area, Guangxi

[Aim]The Sino-Vietnamese border border is the most important pathway from China to countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). In recent years, alien invasive plants have increasingly posed severe threat to the ecological security and economic development of the region. To effectively prevent and control alien invasive plants, thus ensuring eco-security and a healthy development of the region, it is necessary to define the invasive status of alien plants in the Sino-Vietnamese border area.[Method] Species composition, life forms, and levels of damage were analyzed via field surveys, photography, and collection of specimens. Native range and invasive pathway of the investigated invasive plants were obtained through literature review.[Result] A total of 121 alien invasive plant species were found, which belonged to 38 families. Among these, most (26 species) belonged to the Asteraceae family, followed by Leguminosae with 11 species. One hundred and two species of herbs were found, representing 84.30% of the total. Literature records showed that 92 species originated from tropical America (i.e., 68.66% of the total number of species). Sixty-eight species were intentionally introduced. Furthermore, 23 species were found to pose a high level of threat to the local biodiversity, with a further 32 species representing a medium level, and 66 species a low level of threat.[Conclusion] Species of alien invasive plants in the study area were abundant, their distribution was wide, and their invasive pathways complex. Among these invasive plants, many have already become a very severe threat. This threat urgently needs to be addressed to prevent further damage. The trends of the new invasive species need to be monitored and the most invasive species need to be controlled.